Parasitic diseases remain an unarguable public health problem in the world. Liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis is a high risk pathogenic parasitic helminth endemic predominantly in Asian countries, including Korea, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the far eastern part of Russia, which still actively transmitted. According to the last 8th National Survey on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in 2012, C. sinensis, whose prevalence was 1.86% in general population, revealed the highest prevalence parasite among all parasite species surveyed in Korea. This fluke is now classified in one of definite Group 1 human biological agents (carcinogens) by International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) together with two other parasites, Opisthorchis viverrini and Schistosoma haematobium. C. sinensis infestation is mainly linked to liver and biliary disorders, especially cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). For the purposes of this mini-review, we will only focus to C. sinensis and review pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of clonorchiasis, disease condition by C. sinensis infestation, and association between C. sinensis infestation and CCA. Here, we briefly consider the current scientific status for progression of CCA by heavy C. sinensis infestation from this food-borne trematode and development of CCA.