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This galley proof is being listed electronically before publishing the final manuscript (It's not final version).

 
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as nanocarriers for combination therapy enhancing paclitaxel-based regimens in breast cancer
Youngcheon Song1 (Professor), Hyunseok Kong 1 (Professor), Soohwan Oh 1 (Professor), Sang Bum Kim 1,* (Professor)
1College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea,
2College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents unique challenges owing to its aggressiveness and limited treatment options. Paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is widely used in breast cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is often limited by toxicity, multidrug resistance, and lack of targeted delivery. In response to these challenges, recent studies have focused on the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly plant-derived EVs, as innovative drug delivery systems capable of enhancing therapeutic outcomes and reducing adverse effects. Plant-derived EVs offer significant advantages owing to their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and scalability. They provide a natural platform for delivering chemotherapeutics such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin directly to tumor cells. This review explores the therapeutic potential of plant-derived EVs in breast cancer treatment, focusing on TNBC by examining their ability to improve drug stability, bioavailability, and selective targeting of cancer cells. Key studies on EVs derived from plants such as grapefruit, ginger, and tea leaves have demonstrated their capacity to deliver chemotherapeutic agents effectively while mitigating common side effects associated with conventional delivery methods. Although the use of plant-derived EVs is still in early stages of research, findings suggest that that these nanocarriers can serve as transformative tools in oncology, providing a versatile and efficient platform for precise cancer treatment. This review highlights current landscape of research on plant-derived EVs, their application in breast cancer therapy, and future directions required to translate these findings into clinical practice.
Abstract, Accepted Manuscript [Submitted on December 11, 2024, Accepted on January 15, 2025]
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